The word in the Arabic language is divided into three types: a noun, a verb, and a letter, and each of these types has signs by which it is known. Among the signs of the name is “al-Tanween”. So let us know the meaning of Tanween and its types.

What Is Tanween?

Tanween is the extra Noon at the end of the essential noun, verbally and not in writing. The noun is pronounced but not written, rather it is referred to, by doubling the vowel at the end of the noun that is required to be Tanween.

In the Arabic language, “tanween” refers to a grammatical term that signifies the indefinite accusative case. Tanween is represented by the diacritical marks (vowelization) placed above the final letter of a word to indicate an indefinite noun or adjective or the accusative case of a verb.

We have three forms of Tanween: Tanween Fateh, Tanween Dhamma, and Tanween Kasrah. It is one of the diacritical movements used in the Arabic language.

Read: THE RULES OF NOON SAAKIN AND TANWEEN IN TAJWEED

Types of Tanween In The Arabic Language:

Tanween in the Arabic language is important because it aids in identifying the various cases and grammatical purposes of nouns in a sentence. without Tanween. it would be hard to understand whether a noun is the subject, object, or predicate of a sentence.

Tanween Symbol

Tanween symbol according to the letter movement

• Tanween Fateh: ـــــ ً (It is a double fatha that represents the short vowel “an.” The Tanween Fateh is placed above the final letter of a word to indicate the indefinite accusative case.
• Tanween Dhamma: ـــــٌ: Tanween Ḍammah is a double ḍammah that represents the short vowel “un.” Tanween Dhamma is placed above the final letter of a word to indicate the indefinite accusative case.
• Tanween Kasrah:  ــــٍ = Tanween Kasrah s a double kasrah that represents the short vowel “in.” Tanween Kasrah is placed above the final letter of a word to indicate the indefinite accusative case.

Arabic Words with Tanween

Here are some examples relevant to Tanween in the Arabic language:

1. Arabic Words with Tanween With Fathah

In Arabic	Transliteration
اشتريتُ قلمًا جديدًا	(ashtryt qlman jdydan)

In the sentence “اشتريتُ قلمًا جديدًا”, the word “قلمًا” ends with two fateh. This is Tanween of fateh, and this Tanween is pronounced as a consonant noun before it with fateh, and this is its drawing “ا”.

When mentioning the word with a fateh, an alif is added to the end of the word, and Tanween is placed on the letter preceding the alif, such as: “كتابًا- طالبًا.”

2. Arabic Words with Tanween With Dammah

In Arabic	Transliteration
حضَرَ طالبٌ إلى المدرسة	(hdar talbun ‘iilaa almadrasati)

In the sentence “حضَرَ طالبٌ إلى المدرسة”, the word “طالبٌ” ends with two dammah. This is Tanween of dammah, and this Tanween is pronounced as a consonant noun before it with dammah, and this is its drawing “a”.

3. Arabic Words with Tanween with Kasrah

In Arabic	Transliteration
استعنتُ بكتابٍ مُفِيدٍ	(astent bktabin mufidin)

In the sentence “استعنتُ بكتابٍ مُفِيدٍ”, the word “مُفِيدٍ” ends with two kasrah. This is Tanween of kasrah, and this Tanween is pronounced as a consonant noun before it kasrah.

By using tanween, we can distinguish between definite and indefinite nouns or adjectives and identify the accusative case of verbs, which aids in understanding Arabic grammar and syntax.

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Tanween Rules in Tajweed of the Quran:

In Tajweed, the study of the rules of Quranic recitation, tanween plays a crucial role. Tanween affects the pronunciation and length of the vowel sound associated with the letter it is placed on.

When reciting a word with tanween, the vowel sound associated with the tanween should be pronounced clearly and distinctly, but without lengthening it too much. The length of the vowel sound should be proportionate and in accordance with the rules of Tajweed.

For example, consider the word “kitabun” (كِتَابٌ), which means “a book.” The tanween here is represented by the double fatha on the letter “ba” (ب). When reciting this word, the “un” sound associated with the tanween should be pronounced clearly, but without overemphasizing its length.

There are specific rules and guidelines regarding the application of tanween in reciting the Quran.

 Regarding Tanween, there are three key rules to bear in mind: 

1. Only the final letter of a word can be with Tanween. Tanween is never found at the beginning or middle of a word.
2. Tanween is a Combining of the respective short vowel with the letter noon and sukon. Nevertheless, noon Saakin cannot be used in its place because a Tanween serves some grammatical functions.
3. An additional alif is always used when writing Tanween with fateh, 

But there are two situations that do not fall under the extra alif with Tanween fateh rule where the additional alif would not be written:

• If the word’s final letter is ta marboota (ـــة, ة)
• If the word’s final letter is hamza (ء) and the second last letter is alif, for example (ماءً، سماءً)

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